Taking Shoppers Back From Wal-Mart

By George Anderson
For grocers who have felt themselves pushed to Howard Beale-like extremes (“I’m mad as hell and I’m not gonna take it anymore!”) from competing with Wal-Mart, there is new hope in a consumer study from Zenith Management Consulting.
The study, An Approach Proven to Bring Shoppers Back to Supermarkets, took a test group of 180 consumers who were infrequent shoppers at Wal-Mart and asked them to become regular customers, purchasing goods for their everyday needs.
What Zenith discovered is that these shoppers quickly became “Wal-Martized.” Consumers who originally placed price as third most important on their list of criteria for shopping quickly moved it to the top of their list. The more consumers saved while shopping at Wal-Mart, the more they wanted to save. Interestingly, consumers’ perception of the service they received at Wal-Mart increased at the same time.
Race Cowgill, a principal with Zenith Management Consulting (and a RetailWire BrainTrust Panelist), told Grocery Headquarters magazine that the perception change that
takes place among consumers who begin shopping at Wal-Mart is behind the reasons they reduce their shopping visits to other outlets. The perception, however, can be overcome,
he said.
Wal-Mart uses end-caps and displays to make what Mr. Cowgill calls an “opening price point device” to establish the retailer’s low price credentials.
“This creates a perception in the consumer’s mind that everything in that section is going to be very low-priced,” he said.
The typical grocery store competitive response that it too has low prices or has fresher foods falls largely on deaf ears, said Mr. Cowgill.
“Our test group said, ‘These things don’t matter to us. We care about price. The freshness is just as good at Wal-Mart, and we think the selection is better at Wal-Mart, so there’s no reason to go to supermarkets.’ So the supermarket strategies that have been used for 50 years cannot work,” he said.
Those strategies including “frequent flyers with specials, radio and TV ads, and improved customer service don’t work,” said Mr. Cowgill. “What works is when you explain to consumers how Wal-Mart perception-shaping devices work.”
“That strategy must start with the understanding that Wal-Mart is a public relations machine. That’s why Wal-Mart is successful, not because they have low prices,” he said. “Supermarkets have to educate consumers about how Wal-Mart works. That has to be undertaken at the industry level.”
To achieve this, Zenith’s Cowgill suggests the grocery store industry take a page from pork, beef and egg producers. “All of them realized they had a problem that had to be addressed industry-wide,” he said.
State and other trade associations should be banding together to develop a campaign to bring consumers back to supermarkets. By explaining what Wal-Mart does, retailers will be adding to the negative press surrounding the retailer. Grocery Headquarters reports that between two and eight percent of Wal-Mart shoppers have stopped shopping at the retailer because of the negative press it receives.
Moderator’s Comment: What new strategies do you think would be helpful for grocers looking to stem the flow of shoppers to Wal-Mart and other competitors?
Does the grocery industry have the collective will to develop an industry-wide response to Wal-Mart or others it sees as a competitive threat? –
George Anderson – Moderator
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22 Comments on "Taking Shoppers Back From Wal-Mart"
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It’s interesting to note in the Zenith Research how consumers change their views on what is important when shopping after they’ve been going to Wal-Mart for awhile. How can retailers convince their current customers that everything they want (what is important) in the shopping experience can be found at their stores and they needn’t go looking in Wal-Mart or any other competitor’s location?
Wal-Mart is successful because they have demonstrably lower prices across the board than their competitors in comparable categories. This means they’re lower on music prices than stores that sell music, they’re lower on auto merchandise than stores that specialize in auto merchandise, and they’re lower on groceries than grocery stores.
Wee Willie Keeler was baseball’s greatest hitter in the beginning of the 20th century. When asked how he got so many hits he replied “mostly, I hits ’em where they ain’t.” Wal-Mart’s competitors have to learn where Wal-Mart ‘ain’t,’ like Wegmans in New York has, and HEB in Texas has. No one goes into a Wild Oats store and says “I could buy all this so much cheaper at Wal-Mart.”
What we do know is that much of what individual operators (with a few exceptions) have done to compete with Wal-Mart for the same consumer base has been hugely unsuccessful. Whether an “Other White Meat” approach might work for supermarkets, I don’t know. But, at least it’s different than the same old tired advice that is normally trotted out.
Each time I have shopped at Wal-Mart, I have left with trepidations. I have decided that the experiences I have had there prompted my decision not to shop there again.
This idea of a collective industry ad campaign to point out how Wal-Mart is deceiving the public is about as lame an idea as I have ever heard. First of all, trying to get a major group of retailers to band together on something like this is hard enough to fathom. Second it most likely would backfire and cause more people to discover how much they could save at Wal-Mart compared to most grocery retailers.
As has been pointed out on this forum, grocers need to learn from the Whole Foods, Trader Joe’s, and other retailers that are offering things that people want other than the lowest price. I’m not sure that it is impossible to beat Wal-Mart at the price game and image, but it is definitely a very low percentage opportunity that has spelled disaster for many other retailers already.
I agree with Ryan. If Wal-Mart’s hot end-caps are intended to trick customers, what do traditional supermarket retailers do that’s different?
Here’s an idea…once the Wal-Mart campaign has its impact, let’s run a campaign to let customers know that convenience stores sometimes charge more for the same product as supermarkets! And while we’re at it, why not let them know that much of what’s sold in dollar stores is not the highest quality. Brilliant!
Grocery supermarkets need to focus on what they have to offer and why customers should chose them instead of alternatives. If your best marketing message is an attack on your competition, you’ve already lost the battle.
Ditto on Ryan also. Seems to me grocers have already solved the Wal-Mart problem. Publix, HEB, Wegmans, Winco, Ukrops, Whole Foods, Trader Joe’s, Hy-Vee, Aldi, etc. are all doing great. Do we need new strategies? I don’t think so. Many grocery companies are doing just fine and dandy. Those who are not doing well — then too bad, you deserved it. The grocery industry does not want to have a collective will to develop an industry-wide response to Wal-Mart. Why should Wegmans help Albertsons figure out how to compete?
The grocery industry hasn’t had the collective will to develop an industry wide response to Wal-Mart…if that should be an industry objective. It lumbers along searching for the “hope” that consumers will eventually hate and abandon Wal-Mart and a Rainbow of Salvation will appear for supermarkets.
The grocery trade associations seem to go along with a “hope is eternal” mentality. But those retailers who are succeeding despite Wal-Mart competition are those that have a sharp focus on who they are, what they are doing for their target audience, and then executing very well every day. They are not imprisoned by the “low price” mentality; rather, they are energized by a superior service and top assortment paradigm. I never hear Byerly’s, HEB, Wegmans or a few others singing the blues about how Wal-Mart is devastating their business.
I don’t agree that competing with Wal-Mart on price is a winning solution. Rather, that is suicide. Those consumers in the study had not placed price #1 before shopping at Wal-Mart as part of the study. Price is not #1 for all consumers. What is? Do you offer it? Do you offer something of value that YOUR consumers are willing to pay for? If not, you will lose them if not to Wal-Mart then to someone else.
Ryan has it right.
I agree with Ryan and Kai that it pays to learn from the supermarkets that thrive regardless of Wal-Mart. Shoppers aren’t foolish. Since grocery shopping is repeated every week, shoppers have over 52 times a year to learn about their supermarket’s capabilities. Any lesson repeated 52 times a year will be learned, that’s for sure. The key issue: are shoppers’ learning skills better developed than retailers’ learning skills?
Wal-Mart has built its success on price and selection. To compete, grocers cannot ignore these, but instead have to go to a more aggressive pricing campaign, with a better selection, including house brands (which Wal-Mart does very well with). This is the only way to become successful at competing with Wal-Mart. Anything short of this is ignoring the elephant in the room. There are many failed attempts at trying to become a hi-lo, EDLP hybrid in the grocery industry. The key here is to emulate the pricing and house brands which Wal-Mart has shown to be successful in their model, and then to offer the regional selections and clean stores which consumers want (like a Trader Joe’s, Whole Foods, or Wild Oats offers in their models). This will secure the success of the model while ensuring a unique, competitive model.
Why do we persist in treating Wal-Mart as an entity outside the grocery industry? Shoppers, according to data presented at the last IIR Shopper’s Insight conference (July ’05), are going to Wal-Mart for grocery or for general merchandise, not for both. Those shopping for grocery treat Wal-Mart as another grocery store. I’m not sure this is any different from any other EDLP chain, except that Wal-Mart does it better than most. This would suggest that a negative campaign will either be limited in effectiveness (because they have rarely worked against EDLP chains) or may backfire. If nothing else, someone should test this before a major effort is exerted.
David, thanks for the tip. Even so, that leaves at least $350 billion in just the remaining top 50 Supermarket retailers. So, give Wal-Mart another $5 billion to cover the areas you’ve mentioned and it still amounts to only 10% of the market of the Top 50 Supermarket retailers. That leaves out all of the independent supermarkets and other retailers competing in the market place. Wal-Mart’s big, yes – I will give you that. But the remaining market is substantial. From my view, there is a tremendous difference between being big and being great. There is a tremendous amount of success being achieved elsewhere with little mention. Wal-Mart simply is the current beneficiary of “any publicity is good publicity.” What’s going on elsewhere in the meantime is that great competitors are being born and developing that will change the way consumers shop in the future in ways we have yet to think of – well, maybe heard of.
Scanner: Typically, grocery sales at Wal-Mart are very understated. They typically only quote “grocery department” sales and not grocery comparable sales that include HABA, pharmacy, pet products, baby products, etc. Kroger and other grocery companies have those items included in their sales.